The settlement known as Vijayapura was a vassal-state to the Buddhist Srivijaya empire and was thought to be located in Borneo's Northwest which flourished in the 7th Century.
Chinese ceramics dating to the Tang and Song dynasties (8th to 13th century AD, respectively) found at Santubong (near Kuching) hint at its significance as a seaport. A modern human skull found near the Niah Caves is the oldest human remain found in Malaysia and the oldest modern human skull from Southeast Asia. History įoragers are known to have lived around the west mouth of the Niah Caves (located 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Miri) 40,000 years ago. Sarawak has eight of the world's fifty-four species of hornbills, and the Rhinoceros hornbill is the state bird of Sarawak. It is also believed that if a hornbill is seen flying over residences, it will bring good luck to the local community. These birds are important cultural symbols for the Dayak people, representing the spirit of God. Sarawak is nicknamed "Land of the Hornbills" ( Bumi Kenyalang). However, the latter explanation is incorrect: the territory had been named Sarawak before the arrival of James Brooke, and the word awak was not in the vocabulary of Sarawak Malay before the formation of Malaysia. A popular alternative explanation is that it is a contraction of the four Malay words purportedly uttered by Pangeran Muda Hashim (uncle to the Sultan of Brunei), " Saya serah pada awak" (I surrender it to you), when he gave Sarawak to James Brooke, an English explorer in 1841. The generally-accepted explanation of the state's name is that it is derived from the Sarawak Malay word Serawak or Cerava by Portuguese chartographers in the 16th century, which means antimony. The rhinoceros hornbill is the state bird of Sarawak. English and Malay are the two official languages of the state there is no official religion. It is ethnically, culturally, and linguistically diverse major ethnic groups including Iban, Malay, Chinese, Melanau, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu. Under the Malaysian constitution, Sarawak has greater autonomy than the states of Peninsular Malaysia.īecause of its natural resources, Sarawak specialises in the export of oil and gas, timber and oil palms, but also possesses strong manufacturing, energy and tourism sectors. Sarawak is divided into administrative divisions and districts, governed by a system that is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and was the earliest state legislature system in Malaysia. The head of state is the Governor, also known as the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, while the head of government is the Premier. The creation of Malaysia also prompted a communist insurgency that lasted until 1990. However, the federation was opposed by Indonesia, leading to a three-year confrontation. On 22 July 1963, Sarawak was granted self-government by the British and subsequently became one of the founding members of Malaysia, established on 16 September 1963. After the war, the last White Rajah, Charles Vyner Brooke, ceded Sarawak to Britain, and in 1946 it became a British Crown Colony. During World War II, it was occupied by the Japanese for three years. He, and his descendants, governed the state from 1841 to 1946. In 1839, James Brooke, a British explorer, arrived in Sarawak.
The coastal regions of Sarawak came under the influence of the Bruneian Empire in the 16th century.
#Keluasan sarawak series#
A series of Chinese ceramics dated from the 8th to 13th century AD was uncovered at the archaeological site of Santubong. The earliest known human settlement in Sarawak at the Niah Caves dates back 40,000 years. Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak. Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia Bakun Dam, one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia, is located on one of its tributaries, the Balui River. It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park. Sarawak has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. As of the 2020 census, the population of Sarawak was estimated over 2,907,500. Other cities and towns in Sarawak include Miri, Sibu, and Bintulu.
The capital city, Kuching, is the largest city in Sarawak, the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sarawak state government. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of Borneo) to the south, and Brunei in the north. Sarawak ( / s ə ˈ r ɑː w ɒ k/ Malay: ) is a state within Malaysia.
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